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defeat
指在竞争或对抗中被打败，多用于比赛、战争等双方对抗的情境。
failure
泛指未达到目标或未成功，可以用于生活、考试、工作等多种情境。
| Word | 词性 | 是否涉及对抗 | 语气强度 | 常见场景 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| defeat | 名词/动词（常用作名词） | 是，强调被对手打败 | 较强，通常涉及明显失败 | 比赛、战争、辩论 |
| failure | 名词 | 否，泛指没成功 | 可强可弱，范围广 | 考试、目标、系统、计划 |
❌ The company faced a defeat in sales this year.
✅ The company faced a failure in sales this year.（销售失败不用 defeat，因为没有明显对手。）
❌ We had a failure in the football match.
✅ We had a defeat in the football match.（比赛中输掉用 defeat 更贴切。）